error-detection
Parity Bit Tutorial: Single-Bit Error Detection
TL;DR: A parity bit is one extra bit appended to a binary word so that the total number of 1s is even (even parity) or odd (odd parity). A chain...
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xor-gate
A collection of 4 posts
half-adder
The Half Adder: Your First Step into Digital Logic Design
TL;DR: A half adder is the simplest binary-addition circuit. Two inputs (A, B) produce two outputs: Sum = (XOR) and Carry = (AND). It's only "half" an adder because it...
xor-gate
The XOR Gate: Mastering the Logic of Difference
TL;DR: The XOR (Exclusive OR) gate outputs 1 only when its inputs differ. Boolean expression . XOR is binary addition modulo 2, the sum bit of a half adder, the...
xor-gate
XOR vs. XNOR: The Critical Difference in Error Detection
TL;DR: XOR outputs 1 when inputs differ; XNOR outputs 1 when they match. Multi-input XOR chains detect odd parity; multi-input XNOR chains detect even parity. The choice between them depends...